More and more, you hear people talking about their macros. Does it have you scratching your head and wondering what they are talking about? Don’t worry! We’ve all been there. So let’s break down macros in easy-to-digest terms.

What are Macronutrients

The macronutrients (aka macros) are fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. They are the nutrients our bodies need in the largest amount and are energy-yielding. They can be consumed in varying amounts depending on your lifestyle/needs/what feels best for you. (We’ll chat more about this in future posts). But let’s discuss each of these macros a little more in-depth.

Fat

1st of all, fat is not bad! Fat is important! Fats are needed for making hormones, brain development, absorbing fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and long-term energy production. Fats are classified as triglycerides, phospholipids, or sterols. Fats can also be classified based on their degree of saturation: monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated. Polyunsaturated fats are further categorized as Omega-3 or Omega-6 fatty acids. The type of fatty acid content in food affects its stability. All fats can become unstable when exposed to oxygen, heat, and light. Oxidation produces free radicals that can trigger inflammation. Saturated fats are the most stable and resistant to oxidation, whereas polyunsaturated fats are the most unstable and can generate free radicals that damage cells.

Fat sources include:

• Nuts
• Seeds
• Fatty Fish
• Full-Fat Dairy
• Olives
• Avocados
• Coconut

Carbs

Just like fat, carbs are not bad! Carbs are super important! Carbohydrates generally provide the most energy needed for life. Carbs produce energy as the sugars and starches are broken down to form glucose. Carbs are classified as simple or complex. Simple carbs are monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, or galactose) or disaccharides (a combination of 2 monosaccharides). Complex carbs are polysaccharides (a combination of mono- or di- saccharides linked together). Complex carbohydrates are a source of fiber. Fiber is essential for gut health as it remains undigested until it reaches the colon, where it is broken down by bacteria and forms short-chain fatty acids. Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.

Carb sources include:

• Whole Grains
• Vegetables
• Fruit
• Legumes
• Sugars and Sweeteners

Protein

Proteins are linked to amino acids and can also provide energy. There are 20 amino acids, 9 of which are essential (must be obtained from the diet). A complete protein contains all 9 essential amino acids. Animal sources provide a complete amino acid profile, whereas plant proteins must be combined to provide one. Amino acids are the building blocks of bones, tendons, skin, hair, blood, and muscles, and more! The sequence and shape of the amino acids determine the function of the protein. Amino acids influence genetic expression. These genes can be turned on or off by dietary and lifestyle triggers. Protein is also needed for fluid balance, transportation of lipids, oxygen, iron, calcium, and copper, pH regulation, immunity, proper blood clotting, and energy metabolism.

Protein Food Sources Include:

• Meat (Lamb, Beef, Pork, Wild Game)
• Poultry
• Seafood
• Eggs
• Legumes
• Tofu
• Some Grains Like Quinoa

Energy Yielding Macros

Each of the macronutrients yields energy in the form of calories. The calorie level varies between the macronutrients per gram of weight

• Carbs = 4 calories/gram
• Protein = 4 calories/gram
• Fat = 9 calories/gram.

Your body requires all of the macronutrients, in varying quantities, to operate. I encourage clients to play around with their food intake and see how their body responds. Flexibility and sustainability are what I strive for! Keep in mind that you also want to be getting your micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) from your food sources. Variety is key!